IMPROVE YOUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT AMPICILLIN

Ampicillinis considered to have  an extended spectrum because it acts against gram-positive and some  gram negative bacteria.
It is a semisynthetic Penicillin derived from penicillin. Its major advantage over penicillin is its broader spectrum of
activity.




1.Do you know how it discovered?
Ampicillin was first discovered in1961.However it was only in1965,the first commercial process was developed.
6-Aminopenicilloic acid was first time islated in 1959.This was the time at which viable process for penicilline manufacturing was developed.It was also discovered that substitution of amino group on penicillin enhaces the activity against gram -ve bacteria.This discovery lead to synthesis of ampicillin.
In 1965 the first commercial process,using Dane'sSalt,was established.Initially the efficiencies were low .In 1973 the acid chloride process was established. Today the acid chloride process has become a standard. 
2.What is name of its Pro-drug?
Bacampicillin is pro dug of ampicillin.
3.What happens when taken with food?
Food can reduce the absorption of ampicillin by about 30%, So Ampicillin should be taken one hour before food or on an empty stomach.
4.Availabe Forms of Ampicillin are?
Ampicillin is available in three different forms, viz. ampicillin trihydrate,ampicillin anhydrous and ampicillin sodium.Ampicillin trihydrate is the most widely used form.It is taken orally and is stable in acid environment. Ampicillin sodium is given as an injection.
5.Ampicillin or Amoxicillin which is better?
These can not be compared because different conditions show the superiority of one on other.For example Ampicillin show incomplete absorption from GIT which indicates its less effectiveness against systemic infection but high effectiveness against local GIT infection.Opposite is true for amoxicillin.

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6. Some important Instruction for Injection!

Give by IV injection over 3--5 minutes

Give by IV infusion over 30--60 minutes.

Give by deep IM injection.

If used in combination with an aminoglycoside (e.g. amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin), preferably administer at a different site. If this is not possible then flush the line thoroughly with compatible solution between drugs.

7.Some important points to be memorized!

• Probenecid increase duration of ampicillin.Sometimes it is used for therapeutic purpose such as in gonorrhoea.
• Incidence of skin rashes increases with Allopurinol.
• Ampicillin 2 g (50 mg/kg) i.m./i.v can also be used before surgical procedure as prophylactic measure
• Cholecystitis: Ampicillin is a good drug because high concentrations are attained in bile

• Hydrocortisone inactivates ampicillin if mixed in the i.v. solution.

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